Socrates sought to test the expertise of everyone around him: the bombastic know-it-alls, the bashful youths, the confident generals, those (including the enslaved) with unsuspected mathematical competence, the workaday artisans. Aristotle later explored the ways in which expert claims can be made credible to popular judgement. This lecture considers the role of experts in contributing to public debate in a democracy, bringing Aristotle's work on rhetoric to bear on norms for expert communication and public debate.
![Experts in politics: Lessons from Socrates and Aristotle - Melissa Lane](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/YgkSOVy3XXA/maxresdefault.jpg)
Gresham College lectured by Melissa Lane